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ABG Analysis
Mastering ABG analysis is essential for nursing practice and success on the NCLEX. Each question in this set emphasizes key concepts, including the identification of acid-base imbalances, physiological responses, and their implications for patient care. A strong grasp of these principles will enhance your ability to assess and respond effectively to patients' needs in various clinical situations.
The number of attempts remaining is 5
1 / 50
The nurse is caring for a patient with COPD. Which ABG result would indicate respiratory acidosis?
The low pH and high PaCO2 indicate respiratory acidosis, commonly seen in COPD patients.
2 / 50
A patient with diabetes presents with a fruity odor on their breath. ABG results show: pH 7.25, PaCO2 40 mmHg, HCO3- 15 mEq/L. What condition is this indicative of?
The low pH and HCO3- indicate metabolic acidosis due to ketoacidosis.
3 / 50
A patient has a pH of 7.30, PaCO2 30 mmHg, HCO3- 18 mEq/L. What is the most likely diagnosis?
The low pH and HCO3- suggest metabolic acidosis, while the low PaCO2 indicates compensation through hyperventilation.
4 / 50
A nurse is reviewing ABG results: pH 7.35, PaCO2 50 mmHg, HCO3- 25 mEq/L. Which condition is most likely?
The low pH and elevated PaCO2 without a change in HCO3- indicate uncompensated respiratory acidosis.
5 / 50
A patient has a pH of 7.39, PaCO2 of 52 mmHg, and HCO3- of 28 mEq/L. This patient is likely experiencing:
The low pH and elevated PaCO2 suggest respiratory acidosis, with the HCO3- slightly elevated indicating some compensation.
6 / 50
ABG results show: pH 7.48, PaCO2 42 mmHg, HCO3- 30 mEq/L. What does this indicate?
The elevated pH and HCO3- indicate metabolic alkalosis, possibly from vomiting or diuretic use.
7 / 50
A patient with an acute asthma attack is likely to have which of the following ABG results?
During an acute asthma attack, hypoventilation occurs, leading to increased CO2 and respiratory acidosis
8 / 50
A patient with severe dehydration would likely exhibit which of the following ABG results?
Severe dehydration can lead to metabolic alkalosis due to electrolyte imbalances and hypovolemia.
9 / 50
In a patient with respiratory acidosis, what is the expected change in the kidneys?
The kidneys retain bicarbonate to help compensate for the acidosis.
10 / 50
A patient with renal failure presents with ABG results: pH 7.32, PaCO2 42 mmHg, HCO3- 16 mEq/L. What does this indicate?
The low pH and HCO3- indicate metabolic acidosis without respiratory compensation.
11 / 50
A patient with a history of COPD is experiencing respiratory acidosis. Which intervention is most appropriate?
Oxygen therapy can help improve oxygenation and reduce hypoxia associated with respiratory acidosis.
12 / 50
A patient with chronic kidney disease shows signs of acidosis. What ABG change would be expected?
Chronic kidney disease impairs acid excretion, leading to decreased HCO3- and metabolic acidosis.
13 / 50
What is a common cause of metabolic acidosis?
Renal failure impairs the excretion of acids, leading to metabolic acidosis.
14 / 50
A patient’s ABG shows: pH 7.45, PaCO2 48 mmHg, HCO3- 36 mEq/L. What condition does this most likely indicate?
The elevated HCO3- and pH with an increased PaCO2 suggest compensation for chronic respiratory acidosis
15 / 50
What is the normal range for arterial blood pH?
The normal pH range for arterial blood is between 7.35 and 7.45
16 / 50
A patient is hypoventilating after a drug overdose. What would their ABG likely show?
Hypoventilation results in CO2 retention, leading to respiratory acidosis.
17 / 50
A patient presents with a high HCO3- level and a pH of 7.50. What could this indicate?
An elevated HCO3- and high pH suggest metabolic alkalosis.
18 / 50
A patient with renal failure shows ABG results of pH 7.25, PaCO2 40 mmHg, HCO3- 16 mEq/L. This indicates:
The low pH and HCO3- indicate uncompensated metabolic acidosis.
19 / 50
ABG results show: pH 7.38, PaCO2 48 mmHg, HCO3- 26 mEq/L. This indicates which type of compensation?
The pH is slightly acidic with an elevated PaCO2, indicating the body is attempting to compensate but hasn't fully corrected the acidosis.
20 / 50
A patient is hyperventilating due to anxiety. What would you expect their ABG results to show?
Hyperventilation causes increased elimination of CO2, leading to respiratory alkalosis.
21 / 50
A nurse is assessing a patient with potential metabolic acidosis. Which sign would be most indicative?
Kussmaul respirations are deep, labored breathing patterns often seen in metabolic acidosis as the body attempts to compensate.
22 / 50
A patient in renal failure presents with pH 7.30 and HCO3- 15 mEq/L. What is the expected respiratory response?
The body will attempt to compensate for the metabolic acidosis by hyperventilating to lower CO2 levels.
23 / 50
Which patient condition would most likely cause metabolic alkalosis?
Vomiting causes a loss of gastric acid and leads to metabolic alkalosis.
24 / 50
A patient is experiencing respiratory distress and has an ABG result of pH 7.32, PaCO2 52 mmHg, HCO3- 24 mEq/L. What does this indicate?
The low pH and high PaCO2 without a change in HCO3- suggest uncompensated respiratory acidosis.
25 / 50
The nurse is interpreting ABG results: pH 7.50, PaCO2 30 mmHg, HCO3- 24 mEq/L. What condition is indicated?
The high pH and low PaCO2 suggest hyperventilation, leading to respiratory alkalosis.
26 / 50
A nurse notices a patient has rapid, shallow breathing. The patient’s ABG shows: pH 7.45, PaCO2 30 mmHg, HCO3- 22 mEq/L. What is the likely diagnosis?
The elevated pH and low PaCO2 indicate respiratory alkalosis, likely due to hyperventilation.
27 / 50
28 / 50
Which of the following ABG values would indicate respiratory alkalosis?
High pH and low PaCO2 indicate respiratory alkalosis due to hyperventilation.
29 / 50
Which of the following can lead to metabolic alkalosis?
Vomiting causes a loss of gastric acid, leading to a rise in HCO3- and thus metabolic alkalosis.
30 / 50
A patient presents with confusion and fatigue. Their ABG results show: pH 7.28, PaCO2 58 mmHg, HCO3- 22 mEq/L. What condition do these findings suggest?
The low pH and high PaCO2 indicate acute respiratory acidosis.
31 / 50
In which condition would you expect to see a decreased HCO3- level?
In metabolic acidosis, there is a loss of bicarbonate or an accumulation of acid, leading to decreased HCO3- levels.
32 / 50
A nurse reviews an ABG report: pH 7.35, PaCO2 55 mmHg, HCO3- 22 mEq/L. Which nursing diagnosis is appropriate?
The elevated PaCO2 and low pH suggest respiratory failure, likely due to inadequate ventilation.
33 / 50
If a patient is experiencing metabolic acidosis, what would you expect the respiratory compensation to be?
The body compensates for metabolic acidosis by increasing the respiratory rate to blow off CO2.
34 / 50
A patient presents with tachypnea and lightheadedness. Which ABG finding would be expected?
Tachypnea may lead to hyperventilation, causing a decrease in PaCO2 and an increase in pH (respiratory alkalosis).
35 / 50
A patient with chronic respiratory acidosis may develop:
The kidneys retain bicarbonate to compensate for the chronic respiratory acidosis.
36 / 50
In a patient with a suspected pulmonary embolism, what ABG changes might you expect?
Hyperventilation can occur due to hypoxia from the embolism, leading to respiratory alkalosis.
37 / 50
ABG results show: pH 7.45, PaCO2 35 mmHg, HCO3- 21 mEq/L. What is the interpretation?
The pH is normal due to compensation; the low HCO3- indicates a prior metabolic disturbance.
38 / 50
If a patient’s ABG shows a pH of 7.28, what should the nurse suspect?
A pH below 7.35 indicates acidosis.
39 / 50
ABG results show: pH 7.40, PaCO2 32 mmHg, HCO3- 19 mEq/L. Which acid-base balance does this indicate?
The low PaCO2 and normal pH suggest that the respiratory system has compensated for metabolic acidosis.
40 / 50
A patient with chronic kidney disease has a pH of 7.35 and HCO3- of 18 mEq/L. What is the likely diagnosis?
The low pH and HCO3- indicate metabolic acidosis, often seen in chronic kidney disease due to the accumulation of acids.
41 / 50
A patient presents with confusion and lethargy. ABG analysis reveals pH 7.34, PaCO2 55 mmHg, HCO3- 26 mEq/L. Which of the following interventions is the priority?
The elevated PaCO2 suggests respiratory acidosis, and encouraging deep breathing can help increase ventilation.
42 / 50
A patient has the following ABG results: pH 7.30, PaCO2 50 mmHg, HCO3- 24 mEq/L. What is the primary acid-base disturbance?
The low pH and elevated PaCO2 indicate an accumulation of carbon dioxide due to hypoventilation, which leads to respiratory acidosis.
43 / 50
ABG results show: pH 7.47, PaCO2 38 mmHg, HCO3- 29 mEq/L. The nurse should assess for which of the following?
The elevated HCO3- and pH suggest metabolic alkalosis, commonly caused by vomiting.
44 / 50
Which of the following ABG results would indicate metabolic acidosis?
The low pH and HCO3- indicate metabolic acidosis, commonly seen in conditions like renal failure or severe diarrhea.
45 / 50
A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis has the following ABG results: pH 7.25, PaCO2 30 mmHg, HCO3- 15 mEq/L. What is the primary acid-base imbalance?
The low pH and HCO3- indicate a primary metabolic acidosis due to the accumulation of keto acids.
46 / 50
A patient with a history of excessive alcohol consumption presents with ABG results: pH 7.30, PaCO2 40 mmHg, HCO3- 15 mEq/L. What is the likely diagnosis?
The low pH and HCO3- suggest metabolic acidosis, possibly due to alcoholic ketoacidosis.
47 / 50
Which of the following scenarios would likely lead to respiratory alkalosis?
Hyperventilation during an anxiety attack leads to respiratory alkalosis.
48 / 50
If a patient is experiencing metabolic alkalosis, which ABG result might be expected?
The elevated pH and HCO3- suggest metabolic alkalosis.
49 / 50
A patient presents with tachycardia and muscle cramps. ABG analysis shows: pH 7.50, PaCO2 38 mmHg, HCO3- 30 mEq/L. What should the nurse assess for?
The elevated pH and HCO3- indicate metabolic alkalosis, which can cause symptoms like muscle cramps.
50 / 50
A patient’s ABG indicates a pH of 7.50, what should the nurse suspect?
A pH above 7.45 indicates alkalosis, whether metabolic or respiratory.
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