July 20 -NCLEX Daily Practice Questions

Saturday

The nursery nurse is performing assessments of several newborns. Which of the following findings are abnormal and need to be reported to the health care provider? Select all that apply.

1. Chest wall retractions
2. Desquamation of the feet
3. Head circumference of 13.5 in (34 cm)
4. Jaundiced appearance
5. No voiding in 24 hours
 
When caring for newborns, the nurse should recognize abnormal findings and report them to the health care provider. Some abnormal newborn findings include:

Abnormal respiratory effort (eg, nasal flaring, chest wall retractions, grunting, tachypnea [>60/min]): Signs of respiratory distress should be evaluated promptly to determine necessary treatment (Option 1).

Jaundice, especially in the first 24 hours of life (pathologic): Yellowish hues may be initially noted on the face or eyes and progress to the trunk and extremities (Option 4).

Although newborn jaundice after 24 hours of life is usually physiologic and resolves spontaneously, it should still be reported and monitored closely to ensure resolution.

No voiding in 24 hours: A newborn should void and pass meconium within 24 hours after birth. Not voiding on the first day of life or in the past 24 hours is concerning for a structural anomaly or dehydration (Option 5).

  • (Option 2) Desquamation (peeling skin) is a normal finding in some newborns, especially those born at late- or post-term gestation. Moisturizers can be applied if desired, but desquamation resolves on its own over several days.
  • (Option 3) Average newborn head circumference is approximately 13-14 in (33-35 cm). A smaller or larger head circumference may indicate an abnormal condition (eg, microcephaly, hydrocephalus).

Educational objective: When caring for newborns, the nurse should recognize abnormal findings (eg, jaundice, failure to void within 24 hours, signs of respiratory distress [eg, chest wall retractions]), and report them to the health care provider for further assessment.

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ABG Analysis

ABG Analysis

Mastering ABG analysis is essential for nursing practice and success on the NCLEX. Each question in this set emphasizes key concepts, including the identification of acid-base imbalances, physiological responses, and their implications for patient care. A strong grasp of these principles will enhance your ability to assess and respond effectively to patients' needs in various clinical situations.

The number of attempts remaining is 5

1 / 50

A patient with chronic kidney disease shows signs of acidosis. What ABG change would be expected?

2 / 50

The nurse is interpreting ABG results: pH 7.50, PaCO2 30 mmHg, HCO3- 24 mEq/L. What condition is indicated?

3 / 50

A patient with renal failure shows ABG results of pH 7.25, PaCO2 40 mmHg, HCO3- 16 mEq/L. This indicates:

4 / 50

In a patient with respiratory acidosis, what is the expected change in the kidneys?

5 / 50

A patient presents with confusion and fatigue. Their ABG results show: pH 7.28, PaCO2 58 mmHg, HCO3- 22 mEq/L. What condition do these findings suggest?

6 / 50

In which condition would you expect to see a decreased HCO3- level?

7 / 50

Which of the following can lead to metabolic alkalosis?

8 / 50

A patient presents with confusion and lethargy. ABG analysis reveals pH 7.34, PaCO2 55 mmHg, HCO3- 26 mEq/L. Which of the following interventions is the priority?

9 / 50

A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis has the following ABG results: pH 7.25, PaCO2 30 mmHg, HCO3- 15 mEq/L. What is the primary acid-base imbalance?

10 / 50

A patient is experiencing respiratory distress and has an ABG result of pH 7.32, PaCO2 52 mmHg, HCO3- 24 mEq/L. What does this indicate?

11 / 50

A patient has a pH of 7.39, PaCO2 of 52 mmHg, and HCO3- of 28 mEq/L. This patient is likely experiencing:

12 / 50

A patient with diabetes presents with a fruity odor on their breath. ABG results show: pH 7.25, PaCO2 40 mmHg, HCO3- 15 mEq/L. What condition is this indicative of?

13 / 50

A patient with an acute asthma attack is likely to have which of the following ABG results?

14 / 50

A patient’s ABG indicates a pH of 7.50, what should the nurse suspect?

15 / 50

Which patient condition would most likely cause metabolic alkalosis?

16 / 50

A patient presents with tachypnea and lightheadedness. Which ABG finding would be expected?

17 / 50

A patient presents with a high HCO3- level and a pH of 7.50. What could this indicate?

18 / 50

A patient with chronic kidney disease has a pH of 7.35 and HCO3- of 18 mEq/L. What is the likely diagnosis?

19 / 50

A patient with a history of COPD is experiencing respiratory acidosis. Which intervention is most appropriate?

20 / 50

A nurse is assessing a patient with potential metabolic acidosis. Which sign would be most indicative?

21 / 50

In a patient with a suspected pulmonary embolism, what ABG changes might you expect?

22 / 50

A patient’s ABG shows: pH 7.45, PaCO2 48 mmHg, HCO3- 36 mEq/L. What condition does this most likely indicate?

23 / 50

ABG results show: pH 7.45, PaCO2 35 mmHg, HCO3- 21 mEq/L. What is the interpretation?

24 / 50

If a patient is experiencing metabolic acidosis, what would you expect the respiratory compensation to be?

25 / 50

ABG results show: pH 7.47, PaCO2 38 mmHg, HCO3- 29 mEq/L. The nurse should assess for which of the following?

26 / 50

A patient is hyperventilating due to anxiety. What would you expect their ABG results to show?

27 / 50

A patient has the following ABG results: pH 7.30, PaCO2 50 mmHg, HCO3- 24 mEq/L. What is the primary acid-base disturbance?

28 / 50

If a patient’s ABG shows a pH of 7.28, what should the nurse suspect?

29 / 50

A patient with chronic respiratory acidosis may develop:

30 / 50

A patient with a history of excessive alcohol consumption presents with ABG results: pH 7.30, PaCO2 40 mmHg, HCO3- 15 mEq/L. What is the likely diagnosis?

31 / 50

A nurse reviews an ABG report: pH 7.35, PaCO2 55 mmHg, HCO3- 22 mEq/L. Which nursing diagnosis is appropriate?

32 / 50

What is a common cause of metabolic acidosis?

33 / 50

ABG results show: pH 7.40, PaCO2 32 mmHg, HCO3- 19 mEq/L. Which acid-base balance does this indicate?

34 / 50

A patient has a pH of 7.30, PaCO2 30 mmHg, HCO3- 18 mEq/L. What is the most likely diagnosis?

35 / 50

A nurse notices a patient has rapid, shallow breathing. The patient’s ABG shows: pH 7.45, PaCO2 30 mmHg, HCO3- 22 mEq/L. What is the likely diagnosis?

36 / 50

ABG results show: pH 7.48, PaCO2 42 mmHg, HCO3- 30 mEq/L. What does this indicate?

37 / 50

What is the normal range for arterial blood pH?

38 / 50

Which of the following scenarios would likely lead to respiratory alkalosis?

39 / 50

A patient with severe dehydration would likely exhibit which of the following ABG results?

40 / 50

Which of the following ABG values would indicate respiratory alkalosis?

41 / 50

If a patient is experiencing metabolic alkalosis, which ABG result might be expected?

42 / 50

A patient with renal failure presents with ABG results: pH 7.32, PaCO2 42 mmHg, HCO3- 16 mEq/L. What does this indicate?

43 / 50

The nurse is caring for a patient with COPD. Which ABG result would indicate respiratory acidosis?

44 / 50

A nurse is reviewing ABG results: pH 7.35, PaCO2 50 mmHg, HCO3- 25 mEq/L. Which condition is most likely?

45 / 50

A patient is hypoventilating after a drug overdose. What would their ABG likely show?

46 / 50

Which of the following ABG results would indicate metabolic acidosis?

47 / 50

ABG results show: pH 7.38, PaCO2 48 mmHg, HCO3- 26 mEq/L. This indicates which type of compensation?

48 / 50

A patient in renal failure presents with pH 7.30 and HCO3- 15 mEq/L. What is the expected respiratory response?

49 / 50

A patient has a pH of 7.39, PaCO2 of 52 mmHg, and HCO3- of 28 mEq/L. This patient is likely experiencing:

50 / 50

A patient presents with tachycardia and muscle cramps. ABG analysis shows: pH 7.50, PaCO2 38 mmHg, HCO3- 30 mEq/L. What should the nurse assess for?

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