Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by partial or complete airway obstruction during sleep that occurs from relaxation of the pharyngeal muscles. The result is repeated episodes of apnea (210 seconds) and hypopnea (≤50% normal ventilation), which cause hypoxemia and hypercarbia. Common symptoms include frequent periods of sleep disturbance, snoring, morning headache, daytime sleepiness, difficulty concentrating, forgetfulness, mood changes, and depression. Interventions include: Continuous positive airway pressure device at night to keep the structures of the pharynx and tongue from collapsing backward Limiting alcohol intake at bedtime as it can cause muscles of the oral airway to relax and lead to airway obstruction (Option 2) Weight loss and exercise can reduce snoring and sleep apnea-associated airway obstruction. Obesity contributes to the development of OSA (Option 3). Avoiding sedating medications (eg, benzodiazepines, sedating antidepressants, antihistamines, opiates) as they may exacerbate OSA and worsen daytime sleepiness
(Option 1) Eating before bedtime can interfere with sleep and contribute to excess weight.
(Option 4) Sedatives at bedtime can relax the muscles of the oral airway and lead to airway obstruction.
(Option 5) Stimulants such as modafinil may be prescribed for daytime sleepiness but should be avoided at bedtime as they can cause insomnia.
(Option 6) Napping during the day can make it more difficult to sleep through the night..
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by partial or complete airway obstruction during sleep that occurs from relaxation of the pharyngeal muscles. The result is repeated episodes of apnea (210 seconds) and hypopnea (≤50% normal ventilation), which cause hypoxemia and hypercarbia. Common symptoms include frequent periods of sleep disturbance, snoring, morning headache, daytime sleepiness, difficulty concentrating, forgetfulness, mood changes, and depression. Interventions include: Continuous positive airway pressure device at night to keep the structures of the pharynx and tongue from collapsing backward Limiting alcohol intake at bedtime as it can cause muscles of the oral airway to relax and lead to airway obstruction (Option 2) Weight loss and exercise can reduce snoring and sleep apnea-associated airway obstruction. Obesity contributes to the development of OSA (Option 3). Avoiding sedating medications (eg, benzodiazepines, sedating antidepressants, antihistamines, opiates) as they may exacerbate OSA and worsen daytime sleepiness
(Option 1) Eating before bedtime can interfere with sleep and contribute to excess weight.
(Option 4) Sedatives at bedtime can relax the muscles of the oral airway and lead to airway obstruction.
(Option 5) Stimulants such as modafinil may be prescribed for daytime sleepiness but should be avoided at bedtime as they can cause insomnia.
(Option 6) Napping during the day can make it more difficult to sleep through the night..
