Oropharyngeal candidiasis, or thrush (moniliasis), is an infection of the mucous membranes generally caused by the yeast like fungus Candida albicans. The fungus causes pearly, "milk-curd" lesions on the oral or laryngeal mucosa that may bleed when removed. Immunosuppressed individuals such as those taking corticosteroid medications, clients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation, or clients with immune deficiency states (eg, AIDS) have an increased incidence.
Clients receiving prolonged or high-dose antibiotic treatment are at increased risk as the normal microbial flora of the mouth is reduced, allowing other opportunistic infections to arise (Option 2).
Individuals with dentures and infants also commonly experience monilial infections. Treatment is antifungal medications (eg, nystatin) and proper oral hygiene.
(Option 1) Inhaled beta-2 agonists (eg, albuterol) do not increase the risk for fungal infections. However, individuals taking an inhaled corticosteroid (eg, budesonide, fluticasone) are at increased risk for oral candidiasis. To reduce this risk, the client should rinse the mouth after each inhaled dose and maintain good oral hygiene.
(Options 3 and 4) Proper oral hygiene and nutrition are important in prevention of oral candidiasis. However, the client with braces or poor hygiene and inadequate nutrition is at lower risk than one who is immunosuppressed or taking antibiotics.
Educational objective: Immunosuppressed clients (eg, taking steroids, undergoing chemotherapy or radiation, with immunodeficient states) and those taking prolonged or high-dose antibiotics are at increased risk of oral candidiasis. Elderly clients with dentures are also at high risk. Infection is treated with antifungals (eg, nystatin) and proper oral hygiene.
Oropharyngeal candidiasis, or thrush (moniliasis), is an infection of the mucous membranes generally caused by the yeast like fungus Candida albicans. The fungus causes pearly, "milk-curd" lesions on the oral or laryngeal mucosa that may bleed when removed. Immunosuppressed individuals such as those taking corticosteroid medications, clients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation, or clients with immune deficiency states (eg, AIDS) have an increased incidence.
Clients receiving prolonged or high-dose antibiotic treatment are at increased risk as the normal microbial flora of the mouth is reduced, allowing other opportunistic infections to arise (Option 2).
Individuals with dentures and infants also commonly experience monilial infections. Treatment is antifungal medications (eg, nystatin) and proper oral hygiene.
(Option 1) Inhaled beta-2 agonists (eg, albuterol) do not increase the risk for fungal infections. However, individuals taking an inhaled corticosteroid (eg, budesonide, fluticasone) are at increased risk for oral candidiasis. To reduce this risk, the client should rinse the mouth after each inhaled dose and maintain good oral hygiene.
(Options 3 and 4) Proper oral hygiene and nutrition are important in prevention of oral candidiasis. However, the client with braces or poor hygiene and inadequate nutrition is at lower risk than one who is immunosuppressed or taking antibiotics.
Educational objective: Immunosuppressed clients (eg, taking steroids, undergoing chemotherapy or radiation, with immunodeficient states) and those taking prolonged or high-dose antibiotics are at increased risk of oral candidiasis. Elderly clients with dentures are also at high risk. Infection is treated with antifungals (eg, nystatin) and proper oral hygiene.
