Epidural hematoma is an accumulation of blood between the skull bone and dura mater. The majority of epidural hematomas are associated with fracture of the temporal bone and subsequent rupture or tear of the middle meningeal artery. The bleed is arterial in origin, and so hematoma develops quickly. The clinical presentation of epidural hematoma is characteristic. The client may lose consciousness at the time of impact. The client then regains consciousness quickly and feels well for some time after the injury. This transient period of well-being is called a lucid interval. It is followed by a quick decline in mental function that can progress into coma and death.
(Option 1) Bell's palsy (peripheral facial paralysis) is an inflammation of the facial nerve (CN VII) in the absence of other disease etiologies, such as stroke. There is flaccidity of the affected side with drooling. This differs from the concerning drooling with epiglottis in which the client's throat is too sore and/or swollen to swallow saliva. Treatment includes steroids, measures to relieve symptoms, and protection of the eye (which may not close tightly), but the condition is not emergent.
(Option 2) Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, relapsing, and remitting degenerative disorder involving the brain, optic nerve, and spinal cord. Optic neuritis is a common presentation but is not life-threatening.
(Option 3) Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux) presents with paroxysms of unilateral excruciating facial pain along the distribution of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) that are often triggered by touch, talking, or hot/cold air or intake. Carbamazepine (Tegretol) is the drug of choice; the condition is not life-threatening.
Educational objective: The classic presentation of intracranial epidural bleed is loss of consciousness to a period of lucidity and then gradual loss of consciousness. The bleed is arterial in origin, and so hematoma develops quickly. Emergent diagnosis and treatment are needed to prevent
Epidural hematoma is an accumulation of blood between the skull bone and dura mater. The majority of epidural hematomas are associated with fracture of the temporal bone and subsequent rupture or tear of the middle meningeal artery. The bleed is arterial in origin, and so hematoma develops quickly. The clinical presentation of epidural hematoma is characteristic. The client may lose consciousness at the time of impact. The client then regains consciousness quickly and feels well for some time after the injury. This transient period of well-being is called a lucid interval. It is followed by a quick decline in mental function that can progress into coma and death.
(Option 1) Bell's palsy (peripheral facial paralysis) is an inflammation of the facial nerve (CN VII) in the absence of other disease etiologies, such as stroke. There is flaccidity of the affected side with drooling. This differs from the concerning drooling with epiglottis in which the client's throat is too sore and/or swollen to swallow saliva. Treatment includes steroids, measures to relieve symptoms, and protection of the eye (which may not close tightly), but the condition is not emergent.
(Option 2) Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, relapsing, and remitting degenerative disorder involving the brain, optic nerve, and spinal cord. Optic neuritis is a common presentation but is not life-threatening.
(Option 3) Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux) presents with paroxysms of unilateral excruciating facial pain along the distribution of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) that are often triggered by touch, talking, or hot/cold air or intake. Carbamazepine (Tegretol) is the drug of choice; the condition is not life-threatening.
Educational objective: The classic presentation of intracranial epidural bleed is loss of consciousness to a period of lucidity and then gradual loss of consciousness. The bleed is arterial in origin, and so hematoma develops quickly. Emergent diagnosis and treatment are needed to prevent
