Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare, life-threatening inherited muscle abnormality that is triggered by certain drugs used to induce general anesthesia in susceptible clients. The triggering agent leads to excessive release of calcium from the muscles, leading to sustained muscle contraction and rigidity. It can occur in the operating room or in the post- anesthesia care unit (PACU). The most specific characteristic signs and symptoms of MH include hypercapnia (earliest sign), generalized muscle rigidity (eg, jaw, trunk, extremities), and hyperthermia. Hyperthermia is a later sign and can confirm a suspicion of MH. The nurse monitors the temperature as it can rise 1 degree Celsius every 5 minutes and can exceed 105 F (40.6 C). The nurse would notify the health care provider, indicating the need for immediate treatment (eg, dantrolene, cooling blanket, fluid resuscitation) (Option 2).
(Options 1 and 3) A client who just arrived in the PACU after general anesthesia would be expected to be difficult to arouse; and to have small pupil size associated with drugs used to induce general anesthesia, sedating drugs, and opioid drugs to control pain.
(Option 4) Hypothermia (<95 F [35 C]) is common in the immediate postoperative period due to anesthetic-induced vasodilation, decreased basal metabolic rate, and a cool environment. This can be managed by the nurse. Hyperthermia (fever) is also common due to the blood products and trauma from surgery.
However, stiffness/rigidity in the presence of elevated temperature is more concerning. Educational objective: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare, life-threatening inherited muscle abnormality that is triggered by certain drugs used to induce general anesthesia. The most specific characteristic signs and symptoms of MH include hypercapnia, muscle rigidity, and hyperthermia
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare, life-threatening inherited muscle abnormality that is triggered by certain drugs used to induce general anesthesia in susceptible clients. The triggering agent leads to excessive release of calcium from the muscles, leading to sustained muscle contraction and rigidity. It can occur in the operating room or in the post- anesthesia care unit (PACU). The most specific characteristic signs and symptoms of MH include hypercapnia (earliest sign), generalized muscle rigidity (eg, jaw, trunk, extremities), and hyperthermia. Hyperthermia is a later sign and can confirm a suspicion of MH. The nurse monitors the temperature as it can rise 1 degree Celsius every 5 minutes and can exceed 105 F (40.6 C). The nurse would notify the health care provider, indicating the need for immediate treatment (eg, dantrolene, cooling blanket, fluid resuscitation) (Option 2).
(Options 1 and 3) A client who just arrived in the PACU after general anesthesia would be expected to be difficult to arouse; and to have small pupil size associated with drugs used to induce general anesthesia, sedating drugs, and opioid drugs to control pain.
(Option 4) Hypothermia (<95 F [35 C]) is common in the immediate postoperative period due to anesthetic-induced vasodilation, decreased basal metabolic rate, and a cool environment. This can be managed by the nurse. Hyperthermia (fever) is also common due to the blood products and trauma from surgery.
However, stiffness/rigidity in the presence of elevated temperature is more concerning. Educational objective: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare, life-threatening inherited muscle abnormality that is triggered by certain drugs used to induce general anesthesia. The most specific characteristic signs and symptoms of MH include hypercapnia, muscle rigidity, and hyperthermia
